The Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science is a federal body of executive authority in charge of control and supervision in the sphere of education and science.

The Federal Service of Supervision in Education and Science has the following functions:

• to control and supervise compliance with legislation in the sphere of education, science, research-technical projects, youth policy, and certification of research and educational personnel;
• to control the quality of education at educational establishments independently and jointly with the bodies supervising education in the constituent regions of the Russian Federation;
• to license, certify and provide state accreditation to educational establishments and their branches, as well as to research organisations (post-graduate and additional professional education);
• to consider issues of confirmation, recognition and determination of equivalency of diplomas, academic degrees and titles granted abroad and in the Russian Federation;
• to consider granting the titles of professor by education and by post, and of assistant professor by education and by post, as well as revoking/reassigning said research titles, granting academic degrees of Doctor of Science and Candidate of Science (corresponds to PhD), and issuing relevant diplomas of the established form;
• to set up councils for the defence of doctoral and candidate's dissertations (dissertation councils) and determine their competence.